Shin kuma yana da alama a gudanen shafin steel mai zafi don amfani na industriya

Wane ne kullumta na steel na daga gwamnati kuma yadda karbon zai iya yin farko

Fitaccen farantin karfe yana nufin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon tare da ƙarancin carbon yawanci tsakanin kashi 0.05 zuwa kashi 0.25. Wannan ƙananan matakin carbon shine babban dalilin da yasa aka ɗauki farantin ƙarfe mai laushi ɗayan kayan ƙarfe masu walda da ake samu don ƙera masana'antu. Karfe mai karfe mai karfe yana buƙatar preheating, maganin zafi bayan walda, da ƙarfe na musamman don kauce wa fashewa a yankin walda. Farantin ƙarfe mai laushi, akasin haka, ana iya walda shi tare da daidaitaccen tsarin walda na baka ba tare da shiryawar zafi mai yawa ba, yana mai da shi zaɓi na asali don tsarin tsari, tushe na injina, da kuma tarurrukan masana'antu na gaba ɗaya. Gaosteel Group yana samar da farantin karfe mai laushi a cikin nau'ikan Q195 da Q235, wanda ya dace da sanannun daidaitattun ƙasashen duniya kuma ana amfani da su sosai a duk faɗin gine-gine da masana'antu.

Abubuwan halayen walda na Q195 da Q235

A cikin sistema na standaɗi na Jiniya GB, Q195 da Q235 suna ne dukkanin darajarin shafin kwayoyin gaba daya na ƙarfi. Q195 yana da karbon ta hanyar 0.06 zuwa 0.12% kuma yana ba da fahimtar daidai wajen saukarwa da kuma saukarwa mai ban sha’awa. Yana da kyau don abubuwan da ke cikin gaba daya na tsari, kushe, da kuma kofa wanda ba a buƙatar ƙarfin tashin kwayoyin gaba daya suka fiye. Q235 yana da karbon ta hanyar 0.12 zuwa 0.22% kuma yana ba da ƙarfin tashin kwayoyin gaba daya ta hanyar 375 zuwa 500 MPa wanda yana da kyau don saukarwa a dukkanin yadda ake saukarwa a cikin al’ada na sana’a, kuma yana da kyau don saukarwa ta hanyar shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), da flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) ba da amfani da preheat idan jihar yaki yana fi 0°C. Don abokan da ke duba darajarin shafin kwayoyin gaba daya, zazzage bayan Q195 da Q235 yana da kyau don yadda ake saukarwa da kuma buƙatar ƙarfin tashin kwayoyin gaba daya a cikin abubuwan da ke aiki.

Yadda ake saukarwa na gaba daya

Kishin na steel mai karama ya zama ƙarfi don samun yadda ake amfani da su daga cikin wadanda suka biyo a cikin al'ada na welding na industriya. SMAW da electrodes E6013 ko E7018 suna ba da penetration mai kyau da coverage na slag don fabrication na gida wanda ke nufi da portability. GMAW da wire ER70S-6 da CO2 ko gas na shielding mai saukarwa suna ba da high deposition rates da appearance na weld mai kyau don production na gida na components na mild steel plate. FCAW da flux-cored wire E71T-1 suna ba da wata fahimta na wasu abubuwa da penetration mai kyau da travel speed mai sauwa ne ga SMAW. Resistance spot welding da laser welding suna iya amfani da su don kishin na mild steel plate mai karama ta yawa don ƙananan 3mm wanda ke bukatar high-speed joining. Kamar yadda mild steel plate ta iya amfani da su daga cikin wadanda suka biyo, wannan yana nufi da wani wuri ne da yake iya amfani da su daga cikin wadanda suka biyo don production lines manyan, kuma yana nufi da kuskuren setup na welding, wanda ke nufi da kuskuren procurement da kuskuren tooling costs.

Al'amari na Aiki don Welding na Mild Steel Plate a Cikin Al'adu na Industriya

Kamar yadda kwallon gaba daya na steel ya zama ƙarfi da saurin taimaka, amma aikin yadda aka bayani a cikin shirin da aka yi neke ya zama wajib don samun kwallon da ke da kyau a cikin al'ada na ayyukan. Taimakawa na farko shine karewa: kare mill scale, oil, da rust daga gaba na kwallon gaba daya na steel ta hanyar grinding ko chemical cleaning a baya da welding. Tsarin kwallon ya kamata ya ba adadin fahimtar don aiki da aka zauna, kamar yadda fillet welds suna da faida ga lap da T-joints, kuma butt welds suka da tsarin groove mai kyau don kwallon da ke da kariya (full-penetration). Tsarin yadda a sanya kuma a rarraba yadda a sanya (interpass temperature control) a tsaki 50 zuwa 250 daraja Celsius ya kare yadda a sanya kamar yadda a sanya (excessive heat input) wanda ke iya haifar da kariya (distortion) a kwallon gaba daya na steel ta hanyar yadda a sanya (thin mild steel plate sections). Don kwallon Q235 da yawa 20mm, a sanya kamar yadda a sanya (light preheat) a tsaki 50 zuwa 100 daraja Celsius ya kare yadda a sanya (risk of hydrogen-induced cracking) a kwallon da ke da kariya (constrained joint configurations). Aikin duba kwallon bayan welding ta hanyar duba (visual examination) da magnetic particle testing ya kare yadda a sanya (verifies) kwallon da ke gaba da kwallon da ke cikin gaba (surface and near-surface defect levels) a cikin ISO 5817 ko kuma yadda a sanya (equivalent quality class requirements).

Kurkure na Steel mai ƙarfi kamar yadda ya zama babu wani abu mai karfi ga kuma aikin kuma kuma

Lokacin zabar karfe don kayan aikin masana'antu masu walda, kwatanta tsakanin farantin karfe mai laushi da matsakaici ko mai karfe mai yawa yana da sauƙi daga hangen nesa. Matsakaicin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe tare da kashi 0.25 zuwa 0.60 na carbon yana buƙatar sarrafa preheating, ƙananan kayan amfani da hydrogen, kuma sau da yawa bayan maganin zafi don hana martensite samu a yankin da zafi ya shafa. Babban farantin karfe mai karfe sama da kashi 0.60 cikin ɗari na carbon ana ɗaukarsa ba za a iya walda shi ba don aikace-aikacen tsari ba tare da takamaiman hanyoyin ƙarfe ba. Fitilar ƙarfe mai sauƙi tana kauce wa duk waɗannan rikitarwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa lambobin tsari kamar AWS D1.1 da EN 1090-2 a fili sun ba da izinin darajar Q195 da Q235 daidai da haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin ba tare da ƙarin gwajin cancanta ba. Ga mafi yawan masana'antun masana'antu, farantin karfe mai laushi ya kasance mafi kyawun farashi da kuma samar da kayan aiki don haɗuwa da haɗuwa.

Tabbatar da inganci da kuma zabar mai samarwa

Samun farantin karfe mai laushi don aikace-aikacen masana'antu masu walda yana buƙatar tabbatar da mai samarwa. Masu siye su tabbatar da cewa mai rarraba karfe ya samar da takaddun shaida na gwajin masana'anta wanda ke nuna abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, ƙarfin janyewa, da ƙimar tsawo don kowane nau'in da aka bayyana. Gaosteel Group, tare da takardar shaidar ISO 9001 da shekaru 15 na ƙwarewar masana'antu, yana ba da takaddun shaida don kowane jigilar farantin ƙarfe mai laushi a cikin Q195 ko Q235. Bugu da ƙari, tabbatar da cewa girman girman girman girman, nisa, da kuma flatness sun dace da ASTM, JIS, ko EN farantin farantin da suka dace da ikon aikinku. Tambayi samfuran wakilai don gudanar da gwajin lanƙwasawa da ƙwarewar aikin walda akan takamaiman samfurin farantin ƙarfe mai laushi kafin yin alƙawarin siyan kaya da yawa. Waɗannan matakan suna karewa daga karɓar kayan da ba daidai ba wanda zai iya haifar da lahani na walda, farashin sake aiki, da jinkirin jadawalin aikin.

Tambaya: Shin Q235 m karfe farantin ne sauki weld ba tare da preheating?

A: Ee. Kullum kwayoyin steel na yawa (mild steel) na Q235 da ayyukan karbon suka tsangwa a tsaki 0.12 kuma 0.22 za su iya gudanar da su ba tare ni amfani da preheat ba, idan yanzu ya kashe zero degrees Celsius, ta hanyar amfani da alama mai zuwa (SMAW), GMAW ko FCAW.

S: Wane electrode na gudanar da su zan iya amfani da shi don kwayoyin steel na yawa (mild steel)?

A: Electrodes na E7018 (low-hydrogen) don SMAW kuma wire na ER70S-6 don GMAW suna ne mafi kyawawan abin da aka amfani da su don kwayoyin steel na yawa (mild steel) a cikin darajar Q195 kuma Q235. Suka iya samun tsakanin karfi na tensile daidai kuma dukkan wadanda suka iya fuskantar don gudanar da kwayoyin na baya.

S: Yaya zan iya tabbatar da karfin gudanar da su na kwayoyin steel na yawa (mild steel) a cikin karamin da zan sanya shi?

A: Za a buƙata kwayoyin misali daga mai bayar da abu kuma za a gudanar da test na qualification na gudanar da su (weld procedure qualification test) ta hanyar AWS D1.1 ko ISO 15614. Za a gudanar da inspection na dukkan ilimin ruwa, test na bend, kuma idan yana bukatar, za a gudanar da macro examination na cross-section na gudanar da su don tabbatar da wadanda suka nuna waɗanda suka yi kari (cracking) a heat-affected zone.